Distance measuring system arduino

1#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
2
3// --- Pin Definitions ---
4// LCD Pins: RS=7, EN=8, D4=9, D5=10, D6=11, D7=12
5LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
6
7// Ultrasonic Sensor Pins
8const int trigPin = 3;
9const int echoPin = 2;
10
11// LCD Contrast Pin
12const int contrastPin = 5;
13
14// Contrast value (0-255). 60 to 100 is usually a sweet spot.
15const int contrastValue = 60; 
16
17void setup() {
18  // 1. Initialize Serial Communication (Baud rate: 9600)
19  Serial.begin(9600);
20  
21  // 2. Initialize Sensor Pins
22  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
23  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
24
25  // 3. Set up LCD Contrast using PWM
26  pinMode(contrastPin, OUTPUT);
27  analogWrite(contrastPin, contrastValue);
28
29  // 4. Initialize the LCD (16 columns, 2 rows)
30  lcd.begin(16, 2);
31
32  // --- Professional Startup Text ---
33  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
34  lcd.print("Distance Measure"); 
35  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
36  lcd.print("     System     "); 
37  
38  // Print a startup message to the Serial Monitor as well
39  Serial.println("Distance Measure System Initialized...");
40  Serial.println("------------------------------------");
41  
42  delay(3000); // Display the welcome message for 3 seconds
43  lcd.clear(); // Clear the screen for the main loop
44}
45
46void loop() {
47  long duration;
48  int distanceCm;
49
50  // --- Trigger the Ultrasonic Sensor ---
51  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
52  delayMicroseconds(2);
53  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
54  delayMicroseconds(10);
55  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
56
57  // --- Read and Calculate ---
58  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
59  distanceCm = duration * 0.034 / 2;
60
61  // --- 1. Display on LCD ---
62  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
63  lcd.print("Target Distance:");
64
65  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
66  lcd.print(distanceCm);
67  lcd.print(" cm    "); // Extra spaces to clear old digits
68
69  // --- 2. Display on Serial Monitor ---
70  Serial.print("Target Distance: ");
71  Serial.print(distanceCm);
72  Serial.println(" cm");
73
74  // Wait a short moment before taking the next reading
75  delay(250); 
76}